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AUG 28 198/

CLEMSON
LIBRARY

Zion National Park
Statement for Management

June 1987

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DEFINITION

The statement for management (SFM) provides an up-to-date
inventory of the park's condition and an analysis of its

problems. It does not involve any prescriptive decisions

on future management and use of the park, but it provides

a format for evaluating conditions and identifying major
issues and information voids.

Recommended by: ^#* /r^/VC -C^^ W^ — - 7/2j/&7

Superintendent, Zion /National Park Date

Approved by: (Ka^Ayt^^j^ /fU^^rT^y^ & '$' *'

Regional Director ff Date
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United States Department of the Interior - National Park Service

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JULY '84

I. LOCATION

Zion National Park is in southern Utah in Washington,
Kane, and Iron Counties and the First Congressional
District .

II. PURPOSE AND SIGNIFICANCE

The erosional features of the area were originally
protected by Presidential Proclamation No. 877 on July 31,
1909, when President Taft established Mukuntuweap
National Monument. In 1918, the monument was enlarged
and the name changed to Zion National Monument. The
enlargement was effected to protect "...unusual
archeological , geologic, and geographic interests...,"
and to provide opportunities for visitor enjoyment of
its grandeur and scenic features. The proclamation
also states that the entire area should be preserved
intact for the purpose of scientific research and for
the enjoyment and enlightenment of the public. The
monument received National Park status in 1919. (See
Appendices A and B for Summary of Legislation affecting
the park. )

Several themes are represented in Zion National Park as
a function of its proximity to the Colorado Plateau.
The park is situated on the western extremity of the
Colorado Plateau Province and encompasses the southern
and western perimeter of the Kolob Terrace, a southern
extension of the Markagunt Plateau, which is delineated
by the Hurricane Fault on the west and the Sevier Fault
on the east. Rocks of the Cambrian through Eocene
sequence are exposed in the Zion area. The
characteristic topography of this area, as evidenced by
the sculptured landscape, is large plateaus bounded by
receding escarpments. The arid climate and spasmodic
rainfall promote canyon cutting. Surface water is not
a significant feature. The rivers and streams are
characterized by turbid water which has incised deep
canyons. Watershed damage, water withdrawal, and human
activities have altered water conditions in the area.
Due to the downcutting of the Virgin River, Zion Canyon
provides an outstanding display of exposed Triassic and
Jurassic sediments, the most spectacular of which is
the 2 ,000-foot-thick Navajo sandstone. These
formations continue west and north of Zion canyon
proper to the Kolob "finger" canyons, where the Navajo
sandstone cliffs take on added color and vie with the
folding and faulting for attention. A secondary
geologic feature, but hardly less spectacular than the
sedimentary rocks, is the volcanism which is evidenced

especially in the western section of the park by lava
flows and cinder cones representing many different
ages .

Vegetation in Zion National Park is characterized by
desert species at the lower elevations, the
pinyon- juniper complex at the middle elevations, and
the ponderosa pine-Douglas fir-white fir complex at the
higher elevations.

III. INFLUENCES: INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS

A. LEGISLATIVE AND ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS

Zion National Park is a natural area and is planned and
managed as such, by a resident Superintendent, in
accordance with the administrative policies for this
category, as set forth in the various acts of
establishment, including the Antiquities Act of 1906
and the National Park Service Act of 1916 and 1978 (16
USC 1A) .

The erosional features of the area were originally
protected by Presidential Proclamation No. 877 (36
Stat. 2498) on July 31, 1909, when President Taft
established Mukuntuweap National Monument. On March 18,
1918, President Wilson signed Presidential Proclamation
No. 1435 (40 Stat. 1760) which enlarged the monument
and established the name change to Zion National
Monument. The area received national park status by
the provisions of the Act of November 19, 1919 (41
Stat. 356). Subsequent Presidential Proclamation No.
2221 of January 22, 1937, established a Zion National
Monument adjacent to the then existing park. The park
and monument were combined in 1956 by an act of
Congress. The acts of Congress which guide the
management of Zion National Park are as follows:

Act of Congress November 19, 1919 (41 Stat. 356)

Act of Congress June 7, 1924 (43 Stat. 593)

Act of Congress May 28, 1928 (45 Stat. 787)

Act of Congress June 13, 1930 (46 Stat. 582)

Act of Congress July 11, 1956 (70 Stat. 527)

Act of Congress February 20, 1960 (74 Stat. 4)

Act of Congress October 9, 1965 (79 Stat. 971)

The management of Zion National Park is also guided by,
but not limited to, the following acts, contracts, and
agreements .

1 . Concessions/Visitor Services

a. TW Recreational Services, Inc., the principal
concessioner in Zion National Park, provides lodging,
food service, gift merchandising, interpretive tram and
bus tours, and miscellaneous services, and is operating
under Contract CC 1590-04-0002, implemented on January 1,
1984, and continuing through December 31, 2003.

b. Bryce/Zion Trail Rides, Inc. provides horseback
services and is operating under Contract 1590-1-0001
which expired on December 31, 1984. The concessioner
operated under amendatory extensions in 1985 and 1986.
A new contract is nearing completion. The concessioner
continues operation under the old contract in 1987.

c. The cooperating association, Zion Natural History
Association, provides visitor-convenience items
consisting of film and related supplies and stamps, in
Zion National Park, Cedar Breaks National Monument, and
Pipe Spring National Monument, under Concession Permit
CP-1590-6-0001 with effective dates of October 1, 1985,
through September 30, 1989. Zion Natural History
Association also operates under an agreement that
expires October 1, 1987, to allow general operations
within Zion National Park.

2. Fire Protection and Management

a. A cooperative fire protection agreement with the
Rockville/Springdale Fire Protection District was
signed by both parties in January 1984 and is in
effect. The agreement provides for secondary response
from the National Park Service for structural and
wildfire assistance in the adjacent communities of
Rockville and Springdale. Reciprocally, the Fire
Protection District will serve as a secondary support
for fires in the park. This outside fire response
capability alters the long-standing policy which
required the Park Service to provide total fire
protection to adjacent communities.

b. An agreement was signed October 1, 1982, between
the Department of Interior and the Department of
Agriculture to give authority to the various field
units to cooperate in wildland fire management and
suppression activities. Zion participates as one of
eleven cooperating units in a local agreement. An
operating plan is updated and signed annually.

3 . Highways

The Act of February 20, 1960, authorized the Secretary
to convey to the Utah State Road Commission certain
lands deemed necessary for the realignment of U.S.
Highway 91 (now Interstate 15). Additionally, an
agreement with Utah Department of Transportation is
being drawn up to allow for a realignment and
improvement of highway lanes at the park's South
Entrance.

4 . Land Acquisition

The Act of February 20, 1960, revised the boundaries,
added land to the park, and authorized the Secretary of
the Interior to acquire privately-owned lands or
interests within said boundaries. The Land Acquisition
Plan of 1980 is superseded by the Land Protection Plan
(LPP) , which was approved in 1984 and updated in
January, 1987, and which prescribes a more liberal
approach for land protection through less-than-f ee
acquisition where possible.

5 . Utilities

a. The Act of May 28, 1928, provided for the relief
of the Town of Springdale, Utah, by diverting water
from within the park.

b. Agreement with the Town of Springdale, Utah, dated
October 20, 1976, provides for the delivery of culinary
water to the town for an agreed-upon fee and in
exchange for pipes , tanks , and other property within
the park. An additional agreement addressing similar
water issues was signed in November 1985.

c. A sewer construction agreement with the Town of
Springdale, Utah, provides facilities outside the park
for the transport and treatment of all wastewater
generated from park facilities in Zion Canyon. Under
this agreement, the Service provided a portion of the
funds required to construct a sewage transport and
treatment facility for the town.

d. A formal right-of-way agreement with the
Springdale Irrigation Company needs to be prepared to
provide for activities along the irrigation canal or
along a proposed pressurized pipeline. A maintenance
agreement also needs to be completed for either the
ditch or pipeline.

e. Garkane Power Company supplies electricity to the
East Entrance of the park.

f. It is necessary to prepare formal right-of-way
agreements and special use permits authorizing electric
and telephone utility operations and corridors
throughout the park. Companies to be so permitted will
include Mountain Bell and Utah Power and Light.
Previous special use permits are inadequate and do not
comply with NPS-53.

6 . Wilderness

Wilderness recommendations were submitted to Congress
on April 9, 1975. This required the management of
130,984 acres as wilderness. These recommendations
were updated in 1982, but Congress has not acted upon
them at this time.

7 . Cultural Resources

A cultural resources draft plan has been submitted to
WASO for review. When formal revision is completed, a
final plan will be done. The park now has a completed
List of Classified Structures.

8 . Water Resources

Executive Order 11988, "Floodplain Management;"
Executive Order 11990, "Protection of Wetlands;" and
Clean Water and Safe Drinking Water Acts. There are
several dams proposals for the park's main watershed,
which could cause significant alterations to the
ecosystems in the park. The adjudication process of the
Virgin River began in 1986. The park staff is assisting
the Fort Collins Water Resources Division in gathering
data for the Justice Department's defense of a Federal
Reserved Water Rights claim in court.

9 . Air Quality Resources

The Clean Air Act of 1976 and the Clean Air Act
amendment of 1977, recognized the need to protect the
exceptional visibility in the national parks. Zion is
designated as a Class I visibility area. Visibility
monitoring in the park continues to provide air quality
data for airshed protection.

B. RESOURCES

The park comprises an area of 146,551.10 acres, and
ranges in elevation from approximately 3,700 feet to
8,700, feet representing four life zones--Lower and
Upper Sonoran , the Transition, and a limited area of
the Canadian. From various observation points in the
park, panoramic vistas can be viewed showing the
variety and diversity of the surrounding landscape.
The clean, dry air allows the viewing of distant
features such as the Kaibab Plateau in northern
Arizona.

Characterizing the lower elevations are such plants as
creosote bush, mesquite, blackbrush, and cholla cactus;
while the higher plateaus support stands of Douglas
fir, white fir, blue spruce, and aspen. In between is
a wide variety of plant life with varying adaptations
such as cottonwood, ash, and boxelder of the riparian
habitat; the pinyon-juniper pygmy forest of the talus
slopes and mesa tops; and sagebrush and scrub oak
associations phasing into stands of ponderosa pine
through the Transition zone. The plateau is dissected
by numerous steep and narrow canyons where there is
sufficient shade and moisture to invite montane types
of vegetation to invade the lower elevations.
Conversely, some species more typical of the desert may
be found on dry, exposed sections of the plateau top.
Hanging gardens drape the canyon walls in places where
water, seeping through porous sandstone, keeps them
permanently wet. Here also is found the endemic Zion
snail, which has adapted to a cliffside habitat.

Although animal life is less restricted than the
vegetation and many species roam freely throughout the
range, a few are characteristic of their respective
habitats. Representative of the desert communities are
the roadrunner , Sonoran woodrat , and antelope ground
squirrel; while the Clark's nutcracker, Steller's jay,
golden mantled ground squirrel, and yellow-bellied
marmot occupy the montane environment. The larger
mammals found in the park are deer, coyote, mountain
lion, bobcat, and beaver. A few reintroduced desert
bighorn sheep are occasionally sighted.

Recent archeological studies suggest that there may be
many more prehistoric sites in Zion National Park than
were indicated during archeological studies in the
1930' s. Parunuweap Canyon contains at least 33
recorded sites. An excellent petroglyph site lies just
off the East Entrance approach road. In Cave Valley, a

site exhibits varied and unusual pictographs. At the
upper end of the Oak Creek residential area is a group
of colored pictographs which were partially buried by a
waterline overflow in the early 1930' s.

History plays a comparatively minor but fascinating
role in the Zion story. A number of sites lend
understanding of the struggles of the Mormon and other
early settlers; most notable is the cable works atop
Cable Mountain. This fragile structure remains from the
turn of the century, when lumber was lowered from the
high plateau to the canyon floor. In connection with
the cable, there are lumber mill sites at Sawmill
Spring and Stave Spring. Other historic sites include
irrigation canals in Pine Creek and Zion Canyon and at
least two pioneer trails in Parunuweap Canyon. These
are in the vicinity of Steven's Wash and Shunes Creek,
the latter being known as the Wiggle Trail which was
used to transport mail between Long Valley and
Toquerville.

Zion National Park has a limited inventory of basic
resource data. Studies of various phases of the
natural sciences have been made since the early 1920' s.
However, much of the work is lacking in detail and
scope and much additional work is needed to provide
adequate information to protect the resource. There is
a need for continuing observations to determine the
effects of heavier visitor use and changing land-use
practices in the surrounding area on air and water
quality, wildlife, and plant life. In order to provide
data, monitoring has been conducted in the valley and
at Taylor Creek in the Kolob Canyons for the past
several years. The Canyon telephotometer will not be
officially operational after May 1, 1987, because of a
lack of support from the Air Quality Division.

The documentation of local and more recent historic
events is under way, and, although only one pioneer
structure other than canals and trail remnants exists,
a roster of former residents has been contacted for an
oral history that will add to the historic lore of the
canyon. An initial survey of historic and
archeological sites was conducted early in 1976, but
only in the southern portion of the park. While most
of the prehistoric structures have eroded down to their
foundations, the locations have been mapped. Yet,
intensive studies of the sites could reveal much about
the former inhabitants. Actually, the extent and
significance of Zion's cultural resources are still
largely unknown. A detailed List of Classified

Structures survey, along with a separate archeological
survey, was conducted in 1984. A final List of
Classified Structures was completed in 1986.

In recent years, maintaining all concession utilities,
plus providing the Town of Springdale with culinary
water, has become a continuing part of the maintenance
program. Maintenance of facilities in Zion National
Park is complicated by flash floods, by the continuing
erosion of the Virgin River, and by rock slides which
are very common in this area. The river is controlled
at several sites to protect manmade structures and
facilities. Efforts are made to protect and blend all
facilities with the natural features of the park.
During low water, these structures are a barrier to
fish movement in the river.

C. LAND USES AND TRENDS

There are 146,551.10 acres within Zion National Park of
which 3,757.14 acres are in private ownership. All
State of Utah fee and mineral lands have been exchanged
for lands outside the park. The private lands are used
for cattle grazing. Several have recreational cabin
sites, and there is an old tavern, a gravel pit, and
numerous tracts which have no activity. It is
difficult to manage parklands interspersed with private
lands. Some livestock trespass takes place and some
environmental impact is noted. Since 1985, 11 miles of
new fence have been constructed and 12 miles of old
fence rehabilitated. Additional construction is
planned for FY's 87 and 88. (Refer to the park's land
protection plan for more detail.)

Zion National Park encompasses some of the most scenic
canyon country in the United States. The region
abounds in natural, cultural, and recreational
attractions; such as, Bryce Canyon and Grand Canyon
National Parks, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area,
Cedar Breaks and Pipe Spring National Monuments , and
the Kaibab and Dixie National Forests. The proximity
of the Piute and Navajo Indian Reservations adds to the
diversity of the visitor attractions in the area.

The Zion region is in a state of economic transition.
Historically, the economy centered around small-scale
farming, ranching, logging, and mining; the remnants of
which are still visible today. However, improved
access, specifically along Interstate 15 and Interstate
70, has encouraged vacationers—originating from
once-remote metropolitan centers such as Los Angeles,

Las Vegas, Salt Lake City, Denver and Phoenix--to visit
the area, and tourism has recently become a major
factor in the regional economy. Indicative of the
changing economy is the fact that St. George and Cedar
City, the region's major urban centers, have both
recorded economic upswings — in part the result of the
enterprises evolved to serve the needs of visitors.

Concurrent with the economic changes are changing
environmental problems. While grazing and logging
operations have been greatly reduced in the Virgin
River watershed, there has been a boom in summer-home
development. Also, there is a strong possibility of
mining operations opening on the headwaters of several
park watersheds. If the proposed Warner Valley
coal-fired power plant movement comes to life again, it
could pose air quality problems to the park. Scenic
views long used by the visiting public could be
degraded by airborne pollution from power plants and
associated mining activities. The population increase,
which the project may bring about, could also have an
effect on the regional economy. A possible slurry
pipeline, for the transportation of coal from Alton,
Utah, to the markets south of the park, would skirt the
southeastern watershed of the park, if built.

Zion National Park is bordered by public and private
lands. The Bureau of Land Management administers
roughly 60 percent, State-owned land amounts to 1
percent or less, and the balance is in private
ownership. It is significant that the more fragile and
strategic areas, namely the watersheds and high
plateaus, are nearly all private. There are no
National Forest lands adjacent to Zion National Park.
In this delicate zone, more and more ranchers are
subdividing their land and more and more summer
property owners are adding to the pollution of streams
and ground water and subjecting the area to accelerated
erosion. There is growing pressure for improving and
upgrading the Kolob Reservoir Road which passes through
the park.

On March 30, 1984, the House Subcommittee on Public
Lands and National Parks conducted a hearing on H.R.
1214, a bill designed to transfer jurisdiction of
certain lands from the Bureau of Land Management to the
National Park Service because of their wilderness value
but limited size. As a result of the hearings, the
National Park Service was given time to prepare
resource assessments of the proposed additions to the
boundary to determine the desirability and

appropriateness of such a proposal. Park and regional
personnel assessed the value of 10 wilderness study
areas (WSA's) adjacent to Zion National Park following
criteria given by the Director, and six such areas were
submitted for inclusion within the park. The WSA's, as
recommended in 1984 and again in 1987 for consideration
are, in priority order, as follows: 1) North Fork, 2)
Deep Creek, 3) Orderville, 4) La Verkin Creek, 5)
Watchman, and 6) Goose Creek.

Portended developments, industrial or domestic, will
certainly result in the degradation of air and water.
As peripheral developments increase, Zion National Park
will become more of a wilderness island, but management
will continue to be confronted with the formidable
challenge to maintain any semblance of wilderness. The
quality of every visitor's park experience will be
lessened proportionately.

D. VISITOR USE ANALYSIS

The annual visitation pattern generally continues to
rise. This rise has averaged out to about 5 percent
for the 10-year period from 1976 to 1986. With the
opening of the Kolob Canyon's Visitor Center on
Interstate 15 in 1984, visitation increased
substantially.

The park experiences a visitation season that begins in
March and lasts through October. The increase in March
occurs during the spring breaks of educational
institutions. Easter vacation brings even larger
numbers of visitors and the visitation continues to
climb as young families and travelers from northern
areas enjoy this area's balmy spring weather. Spring
weekends are usually quite busy. Heavy visitation in
June, July, and August reflect school vacations across
the country and throughout the world. When fall months
arrive, the snowbirds begin to move south again, but
they linger in the park into November unless chased out
by early winter storms.

Holiday periods bring additional visitation. In recent
years the visitation at the Zion Canyon Visitor Center
has been running from 3,000 to 4,000 daily during
Easter, Memorial Day, Fourth of July, and Labor Day
weekends, depending on extant weather conditions. The
visitor centers typically receive approximately 40
percent of the total park visitation for a given day.

An increase in weekend visitation is particularly

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Annual Visitation

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Monthly Visitation 1985 & 1986

Zion National Park

noticeable during the pleasant spring and fall months
as people from the Las Vegas and Salt Lake City areas
make their weekend escapes to Zion.

A census of visitor origin indicates that 33 percent of
the total park visitation are residents of California,
20 percent are international visitors , and 30 percent
are Utahans . At the present time, German citizens are
the largest international group, with significant
representation from other parts of Europe. It is
interesting to note that more citizens of Korea and
China visit the park than do citizens of Japan.

Over 90 percent of visitor use is concentrated along 25
miles of road which includes the Zion-Mt. Carmel
Highway (part of Utah State Route 9) , the 6-mile Zion
Canyon scenic drive, and the Kolob Canyons road.
Heavy traffic congestion throughout the park (and
particularly within Zion Canyon) during summer and
holiday periods is infringing upon the quality of the
visitor experience and is resulting in resource
degradation along the roads.

Since 1980, annual backcountry use has slightly
increased, with most of the increase occurring from
1984 through 1986. The backcountry-use season in Zion
usually begins in April and declines in October. The
use normally peaks in May or June, depending on the
weather. The heaviest hiking-use periods coincide with
holidays and spring school breaks. In winter, the
plateau areas accumulate significant snow and the
canyons become cold and wet. However other park areas,
which are too hot in the summer, become pleasant
offering year-round hiking opportunities in Zion.

From 1984 to 1986, the number of backcountry permits
issued increased from 1594 to 1725, an 8.2 percent
increase. The number of permit user-days went from
12,089 to 13,497, an 11.6 percent increase. Permits
are issued for all overnight use or climbs, and through
canyon day-use in the Zion Narrows.

The majority of day-hikers visit frontcountry areas.
Day hike information, for both frontcountry and
backcountry trails, is generated from trail registers,
trail counters and interpretive walk records. Trail
register and counter results are conservative. (High
density use on trails with trail counters has resulted
in twenty to fifty percent accuracy rates. Surveys of
trail register compliance indicates rates of less than
25%.) Trail-use reports have been compiled for the

years 1980 - 1986 and show a range of from 174,692 to
228,267 total hikes per annum. Based on registration
compliance rates and counter accuracy estimates, trail
use is estimated at between 700,000 and one million
hikes for 1986.

Other overnight backcountry-use data gathered for the
years 1980 - 1986: 1) the average length of stay ranges
from 1.57 to 2.13 nights, 2) the average party size
ranges from 2.34 to 2.92 persons, 3) trail use accounts
for 76 percent of the total permit user-days, and 4)
off-trail use takes up 24 percent of the total
user-days .

The Zion Canyon and Kolob Canyons' Visitor Centers are
open every day of the year. Interpretive programs,
such as guided walks and evening programs , are offered
from mid-March to early November, while daily
demonstration talks are presented during the busiest
part of the season. Between June and early August, the
Zion Nature Center conducts programs for children 6
through 12 years old. The annual Southern Utah
Folklife Festival takes place on the Thursday, Friday,
and Saturday following Labor Day.

E. FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT ANALYSIS

1 . Nonhistoric Roads and Trails

There are 60 miles of paved roads and 16 miles of
unpaved roads. There are 139 miles of trail which can
be further catalogued as 116 miles of backcountry
trails and 23 miles of paved, frontcountry trails.

Two tunnels are located on State Highway No. 9 which
traverses the park east to west. The larger 1.1-mile
tunnel was completed in 1930. Both tunnels and 10
bridges on Highway No. 9 within the park are included
on the List of Classified Structures. There are 10
foot-bridges, 20 miles of irrigation ditches, with two
diversion dams on the Virgin River, and two protection
dams for under-river utilities.

2 . Nonhistoric Buildings and Facilities

There are 72 buildings and structures containing over
87,000 square feet. These buildings fall into three
broad categories—visitor service facilities, park
operation support facilities, and buildings leased by
the concessioner. All buildings in the park have been
inventoried, photographed, and documented for park

review and possible inclusion on the List of Classified
Structures .

Five new handicap campsites were constructed and eleven
restroom facilities were renovated during 1987, to
increase access for disabled persons.

Two auto campgrounds with amphitheaters are adjacent to
the South Entrance and have a total of 373 sites. An
eight-site primitive campground is located at Lava
Point.

3. Utility Systems

Domestic water is supplied from within the park from
six separate springs and two wells. Storage capacity
totals 1.55 million gallons. Production capability is
approximately 350 gallons-per-minute combined for all
systems. Consumption at peak use is approximately 350
gallons-per-minute, including 60 gallons-per-minute
provided to the Town of Springdale, Utah. In emergency
situations, up to 120 gallons-per-minute are allocated.

The primary waste water collection system is tied
directly to the Springdale town sewer system for
disposal. Five roadside vault toilets and six septic
systems provide sewage disposal for Kolob Canyons, East
Entrance, Lava Point, and the horse concession
operation.

Electric power is provided by Utah Power and Light
Company and Garkane Power Company. A solar
photovoltaic system provides limited electrical
services for the Lava Point Ranger Station. Most
overhead power and telephone lines have been removed
and placed underground.

4 . Historic Structures

The significance of the historical resources within
Zion National Park derive from their association with
four historic themes: (1) pioneer Mormon settlement;
(2) transportation — trails , roads, bridges, and
tunnels; (3) concessionaire as well as Park Service
structures designed and built in the National Park
Service (NPS-Rustic) architectural style; and (4)
archeological considerations. Cultural resources
located within the boundaries of Zion National Park are
significant and extensive. Presently, the park has two
historic areas entered in the National Register of
Historic Places. They are the 60-acre Cable Mountain

Draw Works Site and the Zion Lodge Historic District.

The Zion Lodge Historic District contains several
significant examples of "Rustic-style" architecture:
five duplex and ten quadraplex cabins, the mattress
storage cabin, the food storage shed, the female
dormitory, and the male dormitory. These unobtrusive
structures built of native materials, were designed by
Gilbert Stanley Underwood for the Utah Park Company and
set the style for later construction in the park.

Other Zion buildings which retain "NPS-Rustic"
architectural integrity and which have been nominated
for the National Register include the Nature Center,
checking station and comfort station (South
Campground) , three residences and two garages (Pine
Creek) , the Grotto residence and comfort stations
(Grotto Picnic Area), five maintenance buildings,
Ranger Dormitory, seven residences and four garages
(Oak Creek Historic District) , the tack and storage
cabin (Kolob Canyon) , the East Entrance residence and
checking station (East Entrance) , and the machine shop
and five-stall shed (Birch Creek Utility Area) .

Other park structures eligible for inclusion in the
National Register of Historic Places include the East
and South Entrance Signs, the Virgin River Bridge (at
Canyon Junction), the Pine Creek Bridge, the Zion-Mt.
Carmel Tunnel, and the Zion-Mt. Carmel Highway.

Park structures that need to be evaluated include the
Steve Hollow and Lemon Springs Lumber Mill Sites, the
La Verkin Creek Cattle Trail Corral, and the Lava Point
Fire Lookout.

In addition, approximately 26 miles of maintained
trails — constructed before 1935--are located within the
park's borders. These horseback trails and hiking
footpaths are comprised of hundreds of manmade
improvements including rock slab retaining walls,
observation platforms, rock-work and wood bridges,
sandstone benches, and intricately-chisled switchbacks.
Many of these were constructed by the Civilian
Conservation Corps, Works Project Administration, and
Public Works Administration personnel.

5 . Major Equipment

Maintenance shops are well equipped for automotive,
plumbing, electrical, carpentry, roads, trails, and
related maintenance activities utilizing end loaders,

motor grader, backhoe, road roller, oil distributor,
road broom, tractors, mowers, crane truck, liquid
asphalt storage, and explosives storage. A fleet of
General Services Administration vehicles and several
National Park Service-owned "Cushman type" vehicles are
utilized for park operations.

A gasoline and diesel fuel storage/distribution area is
located at the park maintenance area.

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G. EXISTING MANAGEMENT ZONING

1 . Natural Zone

Total acreage in the park is 146,551 acres. Of this
total 142,154 acres are zoned as natural. Within this
natural zone are two subzones—wilderness and natural
environment. The wilderness subzone represents the
resources that have been recommended for wilderness and
are presently managed to protect the wilderness values.
This subzone contains 130,984 acres. The known
archeological resources are found along the Zion
Canyon/ Parunuweap Canyon areas and are protected as
part of the wilderness and natural environment
subzones. The natural environment subzone, totalling
11,170 acres, contains resources that are available for
environmentally-compatible recreational activities, and
it is managed to protect the natural environment. A
total of 3,747 acres of land within the boundary of the
park, and within the natural subzone, is
privately-owned and is primarily used for agricultural
purposes .

2 . Development Zone

These are areas of park development and intensive use
which are managed to serve the needs of park management
and the largest number of park visitors. These areas
(approximately 200 acres) are as follows:

South and Watchman Campgrounds (109 acres)

Zion Canyon Visitor Center, administration building,
and parking area (2 acres)

Oak Creek residential area and maintenance area (16
acres)

Watchman residential area (16 acres)

Pine Creek residential area (4 acres)

Birch Creek concession area, water storage facility,
and sewage facility (3 acres)

Weeping Rock parking area (1 acre)

Concessions lodge and cabins (21 acres)

Lodge water storage facilities (1 acre)

To Ml Carmel

Legend

— park boundary
_» public use road
... park operations road

v^r\

inholding access road-

7b
Cedar City

to be closed

natural zone (97%)
wilderness subzone

natural environment subzone

development zone (1.25%)
(see narrative for historic zoning)

special use zone ( 1 .75 %)

To
Cedar City

visitor center

. w ^admfnlstrative building

ak Creek / j^tjsj^rjtjaY Area

/ maintenance' area

<%,

. South a Watchman
Campgrounds

• Watchman Residential Area

j Taylor Creek Entrance

Existing Management
Zoning Map
To virgin zion National Park

Kerne, Washington, a Iron Counties, Utah
Un„.d s,o,.. D.par.m.n, <rf th. mfrior-NCioo* id s.™c

SI George

l'6 I SO.Q62
JULY '84 I RMRO

Grotto picnic area (3 acres)

Temple of Sinawava parking area and comfort stations (3
acres)

East Entrance (2 acres)

Lava Point (2 acres)

Kolob Canyons Visitor Center and parking area (2 acres)

Kolob Canyons picnic ground (2 acres)

Gravel pit-Kolob Terrace Road (2 acres).

In these areas, there exists a total of 51 structures
within 3 historic districts which are eligible for
inclusion on the List of Classified Structures and
nomination to the National Register of Historic Places.

IV. MAJOR ISSUES

A. ACCESS

Several popular back-country destinations can be
accessed only through private lands. A major thrust of
this administration is to isolate these issues, obtain
legal opinions relative to each, communicate and
cooperate with park neighbors controlling these access
points, and resolve access issues through easements,
cooperative agreements , and land exchanges .

B. LIVESTOCK TRESPASS

Park land has been encroached upon in several locations
due to inadequate fencing and unacceptable grazing
practices of several park neighbors/ inholders . As with
the access concern, this is a major issue and will
require operating funds to construct, maintain, and
monitor fence lines in areas of trespass .

C. WATER ADJUDICATION

The Federal government has now been enjoined by the
State of Utah for the determination and adjudication of
water rights in Zion National Park. It is the
responsibility of the National Park Service to
determine both consumptive and non consumptive water
needs in preparation for this legal process. The park
staff is working with the Fort Collins Water Resources
Division in gathering data for this process. Other

issues associated with water rights include concern for
potential impact of hydroelectric and diversion dams on
the North Fork of the Virgin and Crystal Creek; the
culinary water supply to the Town of Springdale, Utah;
and water impoundments on Camp Creek and Shunes Creek
and the East Fork of the Virgin River.

D. Z1QN CANYON FACILITIES AND CONGESTION

A voluntary tram system in Zion Canyon, as suggested in
the Zion Canyon Development Concept Plan, has not been
initiated. A full transportation study is needed to
address alternative actions for alleviating the
congestion problem.

E. ZION/MT. CARMEL TUNNEL

Of equal concern is the increasing use of the tunnel by
large recreational vehicles, driven by inexperienced
operators who are not aware of clearance requirements.
Improved signing and measuring devices, and vehicle
convoys led by rangers are being used to better control
the problem that is the result of a tunnel constructed
in 1930, predating the development of today's larger
vehicles .

F. WILDERNESS STUDY UNITS

Ten parcels of Bureau of Land Management land adjacent
to and contiguous with Zion National Park have been
studied for their appropriateness as inclusions to the
park. A study in June of 1984 provided the data
necessary to support the addition of six of the ten
units. The criteria for inclusion was based on
scientific, scenic, and recreational needs in harmony
with a definite management concern. Three of these
units were recommended for inclusion based on their
importance in protecting watersheds above the park, to
ensure ecological maintenance of the Virgin River and
its tributaries.

G. AIR QUALITY

Monitoring and preservation of the Class I airshed in
Zion National Park has been an ongoing process for
several years. The park staff operates a camera system
in Taylor Creek (an area of Kolob Canyons) to document
air quality.

H. ADJACENT ENERGY DEVELOPMENT

There is a great potential for energy development,
particularly coal, to the east and north of the park.
Major concerns revolve around air and water quality
effects of coal mining and the development of access
roads to previously-remote areas. An additional
concern that needs to be addressed is the visibility
impact of major equipment moving or working within the
park viewshed.

V. MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES

A. NATURAL RESOURCE CONSERVATION

To protect and enhance the natural scenic values of the
park by eliminating existing incompatible uses and the
possibility of such uses in the future, and to
secure — through cooperative agreements, easements,
acquisition, and other appropriate means--a land base
adequate to achieve the park's purpose.

To maintain the quality and flow of water from all

natural water sources that have been traditionally

important in serving domestic needs and in perpetuating
the park's ecological communities.

To the degree possible, to restore and perpetuate the

native plant and animal life and natural evolutionary

forces that existed prior to disturbance by European
man.

B. PRESERVATION OF CULTURAL RESOURCES

To identify, evaluate, monitor, preserve, and interpret
the park's cultural resources in a manner consistent
with historic preservation law, National Park Service
policies, and the natural resources conservation
objectives .

To establish the existing archeological sites to the
extent possible, and to enhance public appreciation of
archeological remains.

C. DATA BASE COLLECTION

To secure, through research or other means, adequate
information to perpetuate the park's natural resources,
preserve its cultural resources, and provide diverse
opportunities for environmentally-compatible public use
of the park.

D. PUBLIC INFORMATION AND ORIENTATION

To orient visitors to the park's resources,
recreational opportunities, and visitor services by
providing--on a year-round basis--inf ormational
materials and opportunities for personal contact with
the park staff at the central visitor center and at
other appropriate locations in the park. (Safety, and
interpretive messages are broadcast over the Travelers'
Information Stations.)

E. PUBLIC USE

To provide opportunities for appropriate year-round
public enjoyment of the park, except in areas such as
the Narrows during periods of flooding; in areas in
which weather conditions preclude the safe use of the
area, such as in winter months; and in other areas as
may be deemed necessary for park management.

To foster public understanding and appreciation of the
park's unique geological features through interpretive
programs and devices that focus on the forces
responsible for their continuing evolution.

To provide secondary interpretive emphasis on the
park's other natural features and cultural resources.

To promote safe use of the park through a network of
well maintained trails and improved access to
back-country trailheads.

F. CONCESSIONS

To ensure that concession facilities are of the minimum
and quality necessary to provide essential visitor
services in the park.

G. DEVELOPMENT

To ensure that future park development is constructed
in environmentally-compatible locations, away from
flood-prone areas, eroding areas, rock-slide zones, and
other natural hazards in a manner that minimizes energy
consumption and maintenance cost.

H. COOPERATION

To cooperate with other governmental agencies, local
communities, private organizations, and members of the
public in:

1. Planning and developing appropriate commercial and
recreational facilities in environmentally-compatible
locations outside the park.

2. Ensuring that grazing, logging, mining,
summer-home development, and other land uses in the
park's immediate vicinity are compatible — to the
greatest degree possible—with long-term perpetuation
of the park's scenic vistas and natural values.

3. Ensuring that energy development in the park's
airshed is implemented in a manner that preserves
existing air quality in the park.

4. Maintaining a deer herd in the park and in
reestablishing native wildlife species such as Gambel's
quail and desert bighorn, where scientific evidence
shows that such reestablishments are ecologically
desirable and technically possible (particular
cooperation needed with Utah State Division of Wildlife
Resources and regional universities) .

5 . Studying and monitoring air and water quality in
the park in order to develop programs for their
improvement and protection from degradation.

APPENDIX A
54 II. NATIONAL PARKS— ZION

MUKUNTUWEAP
NATIONAL MONUMENT

Embracing Sections 3,4,5,6,8,9,10,14.15.16. 2I.2Z.23.Z6.27.2S

35and34 inT4O5.RI0; and all of ihc ''u-untuwtop cc'-jon

in T4I5. RIO all west of the Salt Lake Meridian

UTAH

//A".".'/ Monument Bounjj/y

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

GENERAL LAND OFFICE
Fred Dennett, Commissioner

APPENDIX B

16. Zion National Park

Muluntuvrtap National Monument established: Proclamation (No. 177) of
July SI, 1 909 $1

Zion National Monument established: Proclamation (No. 14J5) of March It.

I91f 51

MUKUNTUWEAP NATIONAL MONUMENT,1 UTAH
»Y THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

A PROCLAMATION

[No. 177— July 31, 1909—36 Stat. 2491]

Whereas, the Mukuntuweap Canyon, through which flows the North
Fork of the Rio Virgin, or Zion River, in Southwestern Utah, is in
extraordinary example of canyon erosion and is of the greatest scientific
interest, and it appears that the public interest would be promoted by
reserving it as a National monument, with such other land as may be neces-
sary for its protection ;

Now, therefore, I, William H. Taft, President of the United States
of America, by virtue of the power in me vested by Section 2 of the Act of
Congress approved June 8, 1906, entitled, "An Act for the Preservation of
American Antiquities", do hereby set aside, as the Mukuntuweap National
Monument, the Mukuntuweap Canyon of the North Fork of the Rio
Virgin, or Zion River, embracing Sections three, four, five, six, eight, nine,
ten, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty-
six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, thirty-three and thirty-four, Township forty
South, Range ten, and all of the said canyon of the Rio Virgin, or Zion
River, in Township forty-one South, Range ten. all west of the Salt Lake
Meridian, Utah,- as shown upon the diagram hereto attached and made a
part of this proclamation.

Warning is hereby expressly given to all unauthorized persons not to
appropriate, injure or destroy any feature of this National Monument, or
to locate or settle upon any of the lands reserved by this proclamation.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of
the United States to be affixed.

Done at the city of Washington this 31st day of July, in the year of
our Lord one thousand nine hundred and nine, and of the

[seal] Independence of the United States the one hundred and thirty-
fourth.

Wm. H. Taft.

By the President:

Huntington Wilson,

Acting Secretary of State.

Zion National Monument, Utah*

by the president of the united states of america

A PROCLAMATION

[No. 1435 — Mar. IS, 1911— »0 Stat. 1760]
Whereas, It has been established by the research of competent observer!

•Name changrd to Zion National Monument by proclamation of March IS, 1911, immroSaieljr
following.

> Monument vat establithrd ai Zioo National Park by act of November 19, 1919 (41 Sul
JS«). Set Vol. I. p. 217.

II. NATIONAL PARKS— ZION

that certain lands directly bordering upon tlic Mukuntuweap National
Monument, reserved by proclamation dated July 31, 1909, said monument
and adjacent lands being in the State of Utah, contain many natural features
of unusual archaeologic, geologic, and geographic interest, unknown at the
time the monument was created,

And WHEREAS, The archacologic features perttain to the prehistoric races
of America and to the ancestral Indian tribes,

AND WHEREAS, The geologic features include craters of extinct volcanoes.
fossiliferous deposits of unusual nature, and brilliantly colored strata of
unique composition, among which are some believed to be the best repre-
sentatives in the world of a rare type of sedimentation,

And whereas, The features of geographic interest include a labyrinth of
remarkable canyons with highly ornate and beautifully colored walls, in
which arc plainly recorded the geologic events of past ages,

And whereas, It appears that the entire area herein referred to should
be preserved intact for the purpose of scientific research and for the enjoyment
and enlightenment of the public,

And whereas, The canyon of the North Fork of the Virgin River, the
principal natural feature of geologic and geographic interest included
within the boundaries of the said Mukuntuweap National Monument, was
named "Zion Canyon" by Mormon settlers many years before the name
"Mukuntuweap" was given to this region because it was regarded as a safe
refuge in the event of Indian attacks on neighboring settlements,

And whereas, The name "Zion" is still applied to this region to the
exclusion of the name "Mukuntuweap,"

And whereas, It is desirable that the national monument embracing
said region shall bear the generally accepted name "Zion,"

Now, therefore, I, Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States
of America, by virtue of the power and authority in me vested by section
two of the Act of Congress entitled "An Act for the preservation of
American antiquities," approved June 8, 1906 (34 Stat., 225), do pro-
claim that there are hereby reserved from all forms of appropriation under
the public-land laws, and set apart as the ZiorrNational Monument, certain
tracts of land particulaily described as follows, to wit, all of township forty-
south, range ten west; all of township forty south, range ten and one-half
west, with the exceptions of sections one and two; sections one, eleven, twelve,
thirteen, fourteen, twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, thirty-
five, and thirty-six of township forty south, range eleven west; sections one,
two, three, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, twenty -two,
twenty-three, twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, and twenty-seven of town-
ship forty-one south, range eleven west; and sections one, two, three, four,
five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten. eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen,
sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, the noith half and southeast
quarter of twenty-two, twenty-three, twenty- four, twenty-five, twenty-six,
the south half and northeast quarter of twenty-seven, thirty, thirty-four,
thirty-five, and thirty-six of township forty-one south, range ten, all west
°f the Salt Lake Meridian in the State of Utah, which tracts include the
«nds embraced in the Mukuntuweap National Monument as reserved by
the proclamation of July 31, 1909, and that the boundaries of said Zion
National . Monument arc as shown on the diagiam hereto attached and
nude a pai t hereof.

Warning is hereby given to all unauthorized persons not to appropriate or
!"jure any natural feature of this monument or to occupy, exploit, settle, or

•56 i|. NATIONAL PARKS— ZION

locate upon any of the lands reserved by this proclamation.

The Director of the National Park Service, under the direction of the
Secretary of the Interior, shall have the supervision, management, and
control of this monument, as provided in the Act of Congress entitled "An
Act to establish a National Park Service, and for other purposes," approved
August 25, 1916 (39 Stat., 535).

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of
the United States to be affixed.

Done in the District of Columbia This eighteenth day of March, in the
year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and eighteen, and
[seal] of the Independence of the United States of America the one
hundred and forty-second.

Woodrow Wilson.
By tKe President:
Robert Lansing.

Secretary of Slate.

II. NATIONAL PARKS— ZION

UTAH

•t::':.".^',:j:t rx :tt.c::°" cwashincton county?

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ZION NATIONAL. MONUMENT

17. Zion National Park

Pag*

Act of November 19, 1919, establishing the Zion National Park 217

Excerpt from act of June 7, 1924, authorizing the exchange of alienated

liodj in the Zion National Park for other lands 217

Act of May 28, 1928, for the relief of the town of Sprinsfdale, Utah 217

Act of June 13, 1930, adding certain lands to the Zion National Park 218

An Act -To establish the Zion National Park la the State of Utah,
approved Kovemher 19, 1919 (41 Stat. 356)

B< it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tive* of the United States of America in Congress
assembled, That the Zion National Monument, in the SSjmSjT"1
county of Washington, State of Utah, established and ■"•«><•» oatiooai
designated as a national monument under the Act of 5?.""^ to.
June 8, 1906, entitled "An Act for the preservation of l£*\£ **•
American antiquities," by Presidential proclamations of »•{• »«. p- »•_•• :
July 31, 1909, and March 18, 1918, is hereby declared to ~L 40, +
be a national park and dedicated as such for the benefit
and enjoyment of the people, under the name of the
Zion National Park, under which name the aforesaid
national park shall be maintained by allotment of funds
heretofore or hereafter appropriated for the national
monuments, until such time as an independent appropria-
tion is made therefor by Congress. (U.S.C., title 16,
sec. 344.)

Sec. 2. That the administration, protection, and pro- fflffy^ff1™^
motion of said Zion National Park shall be exercised y^J"^ _ jjj.
under the direction of the Secretary of the Interior bysMp. t.'
the National Park Service, subject to the provision of
the Act of August 25, 1916, entitled "An Act to estab-
lish a National Park Service, and for other purposes,"
and Acts additional thereto or amendatory thereof.
(U.S.C, title 16, sec. 345.)

Xxcerpt from " An Act To establish the Utah National Park in the
State of Utah," approved Jane 7, 1924 (43 Sut. 593)

The Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized to E.l<*jn?10,J_

I t' «• »• i- » i J % 2 » alienated lands

exchange, in his discretion, alienated lands in * * * in Zion National
Zion National Park for unappropriated and unreserved
public lands of equal value and approximately equal area
in the State of Utah outside of said park. (U.S.C, title
16, sec. 346.)

An Act For the relief of the town of Springdale, Utah, approred
May 28, 1928 (45 Stat. 787)

Be it enacted by the $enat* and flouzc of Representa-
tives of the United States of AuXenca in Congress asseni-

217

Park lor other
lamia

218

LAWS FOR NAT. PARK SERVICE, PARKS, A MONUMENTS

BpriorMt. u«fch. bled, That the Secretary of the Interior is hereby awthor-
Sau/'rra ized ar>d directed, under such reasonable regulations as
STn«ilp Zjo° ^e ma^ Presor>De? to grant permission to the town of
Springdale, Utah, to divert through such piping facili-
ties as may be necessary, for domestic and other uses
within the limits of said town of Springdale. Utah,
water from certain springs in the Zion National Park.
Utah, situated at the head of what is known as Oak
Creek, which crosses the main highway about one-half
mile below the park boundary, and located in approxi-
mately section 20, township 41 south, range 10 west. Salt
Lake meridian.

Aa Act To add certain landi to the Zion National Park it the Stat*
of Utah, and for other purposes, approved Jn_ae 13, 1930 (46 Sut.
US)

Be it enacted by the Senate and Heme of Representa-
tives of the United States of Arjierica in Congress assem-
bled, That sections 7, 17, 18. 19, 20. 29. 30, 31. and 32.
•dd«d to. township 41 south, range 9 west; unsurveyed sections 5.
6, 7, 8, 17, and 18, township 42 south, "range 9 west:
unsurveyed sections 5, 6. 7. and 8, township 42 south.
range 9y2 west; unsurveyed actions 1. 2. and the north
half and southeast quarter section 3: northeast quarter
section 4, east half section 10. sections 11 and 12. town-
ship 42 south, range 10 west: all of section 21. south-
west quarter section 22. northwest quarter section 27.
southeast quarter unsurveyed section _'S: c-ast half unsur-
veyed section 33, township 41 south, range 10 west: and
all of sections 34, 35, and 36. township 41 south, range
11 west, all with reference to the Salt Lake meridian, be..

Deo Vattooal
firt

nd the same are herebv, added to and made a part of
he Zion National Park'in the State of Utah, subject to
all laws and regulations applicable to and governing
said park. (U.S.C, Cth supp., title 16, sec. 340a.)

a
the

330 VIII. NATIONAL MONUMENTS— ZION

appropriate, injure, destroy,, or remove any feature of this monument and
not to locate or settle upon any of the lands thereof.

The Director of the National Park Service, under the direction of the
Secretary of the Interior, shall have the supervision, management, and
control of this monument as provided in the act of Congress entitled "An Ac:
To establish a National Park Service, and for other purposes", approved
August 25. 1916 (ch. 40S, 39 Stat. 535, U. S. C, title 16, sees. 1 and 2),
and acts supplementary thereto or amendatory thereof.

The reservation made by this proclamation supersedes as to any of the
above-described lands affected thereby the temporary withdrawals for
classification and other purposes made by Executive Orders No. 5573 of
March 7, 1931, and No. 6910 of November 26, 1934, as amended, and
Executive Order of April 17, 1926, creating Public Water Reserve No. 107.
lx witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal
of the United States to be affixed.

Done at the City of Washington this 22d day of January, in the year
of our Lord nineteen hundred and thirty-seven and of the Inde-
[seal] pendence of the United States of America the one hundred and
sixty-first.

Franklin D. Roosevelt.
By the President:
Cord ell Hull,

The Secretary of State.

«».'>. ZiOll NatilMKlI M«»IIlIIalU«i;

<<*

Ksfablishrnvni ; I'rocl.iinjiion (No. 2221) hi' Jjiui.u. 22, .937 .,29

BY Tun ''resident ok the united states oj- am erica
A PROCLAMATION

[No. 2221— January 22. :J:7— iO St:.i. l&0'>;

Whereas i\s :.."• , i.olic lands in the- Stare ot U«..h coiim!.". voKanic
phenomena oi umiMial scientific value, and have situated thereon various
or! r objects or' geological and scientific interest; and

Whereas it appears that it would be to the public interest to . rve
such land- is a national monument, to be known as the Zion N*. >nal
Minimum:

Now. T..EREKORE, I. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Preside:.*. or the United
State* .".' America, under and by virtue of the autnority vested in :r.c by
scctio:. ? oi the act of June 8, 1906. ch. 3060. 34 Stat. 225 (U. S. C. title
16. s.\ . 431), do proclaim that, subject re .dl valid existing rights, the
r'ollo'vmg-describcd lands in Utah arc hereby reserved from all forms of
..rpropriation under the public-land laws and set apart as the Zion National
Monument:

Salt Lake Meridian

T. 39 S.. R. 10 W.. sec. 31, lots 4 to 14. and 19 to 30, inclusive.
T. 40 S., R. l0j/$ W.. sec. 1 and unsurveved fractional sec. 2.
T. 3S S.. R. 1 1 W., sees. 3 1 , 32 and 33

T. 39 S.. R. 1 1 W.. sees. 4 to 9, and 16 to 21, inclusive, partly un-
surveved ;
sec. 24. NEJ4 and S'/2 ;
sees. 25 to 29, and 33 to 36, inclusive.
T. 40 S., R. 1 1 W., sees. 2. 3. 4, 9, 10, 15, 16. 21, 22. 27, 2S, 33 ana 34.
T. 4 1 S.. R. 11 W.. sec. 4 ;

sec. 5. E*/i ;
sec. 8. NE-4;
sees. 9. 16 and 21.
T. 3S S.. R. 12 W.. sec. 10, lots 3 to 10. inclusive;
sec. ll.S/a;
>cc. 12. Syi;
sees. 13. 14 and 15 ;
sec. 21 EK-;
sees. 22 to 2S, inclusive;
sec. 29. lot 1 and lots 3 to 8, inclusive,
sees. 33 to 36, inclusive.
T. 39 S., K. 12 W., sees. 1 to 4, and 9 to 15, inclusive, partly un-
surveved ;
sec. 16. E"/S;

sees. 22, 23 and 24, partly •>n>urveycd,
containing approximately 49,150 acres.

Warning is hereby expressly given to all unauthorized persons not to

329

27. Zion National Park

Pat*

Inclusion of the prrsent area of Zion National Monument within Zi-n

National Tark Act of July 11, 1! 5 178

Revision of boundaries of park Act of February 20, li«^0 178

Zion National
Park.

Administra-
tion.

Fooda.

Zion National
Park. Ctah.

An Act To include the present area of Zion National Monument
within Zion National Park, in the State of Utah, and for other
purposes, approved July 11, lf-55 (70 Stat. 527)

Be it enacted by the Scruite arid House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Cona rests
assembled, That for the jpurpose of combining Zion Na-
tional Park and Zion National Monument, Utah, in a
single national park unit, in the interest of efficient ad-
ministration and to preserve adequately the features
thereof, Zion National Park hereafter shall comprise the
present area of the National Park and the pre.^rit area
of the Zion National Monument : Prodded, That the en-
actment of this Act shall not afTect adversely r-ny valid
rights or privileges heretofore existing within the areas
hereby established as the Zion National Park. (16 C.S.C.
§ 346b.)

Sec. 2. The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to
administer Zion National Park as hereby established in
accordance with his authority over the park heretofore
granted by the Congress and In accordance with the gen-
eral laws governing areas of the national park system.
(16 U.S.C. 8 346c.)

Sec. 3. All funds heretofore made available for pur-
poses of Zion National Park and Zion National Monu-
ment may be used for purposes of Zion National Park as
established by this Act. (16 U.S.C. § 346d.)

An Act To revise the boundaries of the Zion National Tark in
the State of Utah, and for other purposes, approved February
20, 1960 (74 Stat. 4)

Be it enacted by (he Senate c*d Bouse of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress as-
sembled, That the boundaries of the Zion National Park
are hereby revised to include the following described
lands:

SALT LAKE >rLRTPlAN*

Township 39 south, range 10 west: Section ?0. *hose
portions of lots 1 to 7, inclusive, lying south of K«»lob
Creek and lots 8 to 32, inclusive; section 31, lots 1, 2, 3,
15,16,17. IS, 31 and 32.

Township 41 south, range 10 west: Section CS, north-
east quarter, that portion of the northwest quarter lying
cast of the North Fork of the Virgin River and lot 9 of

178

II. NATIONAL PARKS — ZION 179

tho O. D. GifTord survey, the ownership of which is re-
corded on page 247 of deed book U12 in Washington
County, Utah; section 29, west half; section 31; section
32 (partly surveyed), northeast quarter northwest
quarter and west half northwest quarter.

Township 39 south, rango 11 west: Section 13, south-
east quarter southeast quarter; section 32, north half
and southeast quarter.

Township 40 south, rango 11 west: Section 5, lots 1 and
2 and south half northeast quarter.

Township 38 south, range 12 west: Section 29, those
portions or lot 2 and of the southwest quarter lying east
of the easterly right-of-way line of United States High-
way 91, identified as project numbered 1-01-1 (1 ) , Wash-
ington County, Utah, said line being 150 feet from and
parallel the centerline of such highway, as constructed.
(16 U.S.C. §346a-l [Supp. II].)

Sec. 2. Privately owned land, or interests therein, ^e||£,<}_t,0B
within the aforesaid revised boundary may be acquired
by the Secretary of the Interior by purchase, donation,
with donated funds, or by such other means as the Sec-
retary may consider to be in the public interest. When
acquired, such land and interests in land shall be admin-
istered as a part of the Zion National Park in accord-
ance with the provisions of the Act of August 25, 1916
(39 Stat. 535), as amended. (16 U.S.C. § 346a-2 [Supp.

Sec. 3. The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to
convey to the Utah State Road Commission under such
terms and conditions as he may deem necessaiy such
lands or interests in land in lot 3, section 29, township 38
south, range 12 west, Salt Lake meridian, concainiii"
approximately four and one-half acres, as are required
by the Commission for the realinemeut and construction
of United States Highway 91: Provided, That in ex-
change, the State of Utah constructs an interchange of
design, type, and location acceptable to the Secretary
which will provide vehicular access between the said
highway and Zion National Park. Such conveyed lauds
shall thereafter be considered as excluded from the Zion
National Park and the easterly right-of-way line of
United States Highway 91, identified as project num-
bered 1-01-1(1), Washington County, Utah, shall be-
come the westerly boundary of the Zion National Park
in lot 3, section "29, township 3S south, ranije 12 west,
Salt Lake meridian. (16 U.S.C. § 34Ga-3 [Supp. II].)

le use. i-4.

Land eoorey-

236 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE LAWS

23. Zion

An Act to provide for increase* in appropriation ceilings and
boundary change* in certain units of the National Park Sys-
tem, and for other purpose*. (90 Stat. 2732) (P.L. M-678)

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa-
tives of the United States of America in Congress
assembled,

TITLE III— MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

SON NATIONAL PARK

Sec 318. The boundary of Zion National Park is here-
by revised to include the area as generally depicted on
the map entitled "Land Ownership Types, Zion National
Park, Utah", numbered 116-80,003, which map shall be
on file and available for public inspection in the offices
of the National Park Service, Department of the Interior.
The Secretary of the Interior may acquire the property
included by this section by donation only.

Approved October 21, 1976.

g. U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:1987-776-063/65202

Clemson University "

3 1604 004 719 821

DATE DUE

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